Agilent Technologies E1326B Manual do Utilizador

Agilent E1326B/E1411B 5 1/2 Digit Multimeter User’s Manual E1326-90009 Printed in USA July 2004 E0704 *E132

SA DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014 Revision: A.03 Issue Date: 09/05/00 Manufacturer’s Name:

Enabling OffsetCompensationThe MEASure and CONFigure commands turn offset compensation off.The command used to turn offset compensation on is:RESistan

Figure 4-1. The Multimeter Trigger System102 Understanding the HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter Chapter 4

The Trigger Source The trigger source parameter specifies the signal which triggers themultimeter. The trigger source is set with the following comma

The Trigger Count The function of the trigger count parameter depends on whether thestand-alone multimeter or scanning multimeter is used.Stand-alone

Example 1: Setting theTrigger Count(stand-alonemultimeter)In this example, one DC voltage measurement is taken each time an externaltrigger occurs. A

The Trigger Delay The trigger delay parameter allows you to specify the period between thetrigger signal and the measurement. For the stand-alone mul

The following program segment shows the context in whichTRIGger:DELay is used.Example: Setting aTrigger Delay 10 !Configure the scanning multimeter fo

The Sample Count The sample count specifies the number of measurements made for eachtrigger signal received. For the stand-alone multimeter, it is th

The Sample Period Sample period is the time between measurements in a multiple-readingburst, or the time between channels when scanning a FET multiple

Table 4-6. Aperture Times and Minimum Sample PeriodAperture Time Minimum Sample Rate(SAMPle:TIMer)Maximum Reading Rate(Readings/second)10 µs76 µs13,15

SA DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014 Revision: A.03 Issue Date: 09/05/00 Manufacturer’s Name: A

TheWait-For-TriggerStateFor the multimeter to respond to a trigger signal, the multimeter must beplaced in the wait-for-trigger state. This is done w

Using a SingleTriggerThe multimeter can be internally triggered with a single trigger signal. Thissignal is issued with the TRIGger[:IMMediate] comma

Example: Aborting aMeasurement (Trigger Source = BUS)After the multimeter is configured it is placed in the wait-for-trigger state.ABORt returns the m

Saving Multimeter ConfigurationsTo minimize repeated programming, up to 10 stand-alone multimeterconfigurations can be saved in mainframe/command modu

Example: Saving andRecalling aConfigurationThis program saves a configuration in register 0. The multimeter is thenreset in order to change the curre

Notes116 Understanding the HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter Chapter 4

Chapter 5HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter CommandReferenceUsing This ChapterThis chapter describes the Standard Commands for ProgrammableInstruments (SCPI

CALibration:ZERO:AUTO?Colons separate the root command from the second level command(CALibration:ZERO) and the second level from the third level(ZERO:

Parameters Parameter Types. The following table contains explanations and examplesof parameter types you might see later in this chapter.Parameter Ty

Table 5-1. Voltage and Ohms Ranges vs. Resolution, Aperture, and Integration TimeAperture Time Integration Time (PLCs) 10 µs*0.0005100 µs0.0052.5 ms0.

Chapter 1Getting Started with the HP E1326B/E1411BMultimeterAbout This ChapterThis chapter introduces you the B-size HP E1326B and C-size HP E1411B51

SCPI Command ReferenceThis section describes the Standard Commands for ProgrammableInstruments (SCPI) for the HP E1326B and HP E1411B 51⁄2-DigitMultim

ABORtThe ABORt command subsystem removes the multimeter from the wait-for-triggerstate and places it in the idle state. ABORt can only be used with t

CALibrationThe CALibration command subsystem selects the multimeter’s line referencefrequency (CALibration:LFRequency) and enables/disables the autoze

Example Querying the Line Reference FrequencyCAL:LFR 50 !Reference frequency is 50 Hz.CAL:LFR? !Query for reference frequency.enter statement !Enter v

Example Querying the Autozero Mode CAL:ZERO:AUTO OFF !Disable autozero.CAL:ZERO:AUTO? !Query multimeter to return autozero mode("0").enter s

CONFigureThe CONFigure command subsystem configures the multimeter to perform thespecified measurement with the given range and resolution. CONFigure

:FRESistanceCONFigure:FRESistance [<range>[,<resolution>]] [,<channel_list>] selects the4-wire ohms function and allows you to spec

• Related Commands: FETCh?, INITiate, READ?Example Making 4-Wire Ohms MeasurementsCONF:FRES 1560,MAX,(@100:103) !Function: 4-wire ohms; range selecte

• The channel list is of the form (@ccnn), (@ccnn,ccnn), or (@ccnn:ccnn), wherecc = card number and nn = channel number (105 is channel 05 of card num

<type>discretenumericnumericTC: B, E, J, K, N14, N28, R, S, or TTHER/FTH:2252 | 5000 | 10000RTD/FRTD: 85 | 92noneohmsalpha<channel_list>nu

set the addresses in order to create an instrument. The guide should be yourstarting point toward using the multimeter. The functions and features o

<resolution>numericresolution (see Table 5-1) |DEF | MIN | MAXvolts<channel_list>numeric Refer to the multiplexer user’s manual fora list

:VOLTage[:DC]CONFigure:VOLTage[:DC] [<range>[,<resolution>]] [,<channel_list>] selects theDC voltage function and allows you to spe

parameter). This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as arange setting.• The fastest aperture time available when autoranging i

CONFigure?The CONFigure? command queries the multimeter to return the configuration set bythe most recent CONFigure or MEASure command. It returns a q

DIAGnosticThe DIAGnostic command subsystem provides control of the FET multiplexers.Subsystem Syntax DIAGnostic:FETS <mode>:FETS?:FETSDIAGnostic

DISPlayThe DISPlay command subsystem monitors the state of the selected multiplexerchannel within the scanning multimeter. This command is useful onl

Example Monitoring a ChannelDISP:MON:CHAN (@101) !Select channel 101 for monitor mode.DISP:MON ON !Enable monitor mode.:MONitor:CHANnel?DISPlay:MONit

:MONitor[:STATe]?DISPlay:MONitor[:STATe]? returns a number to show whether the monitor modeis enabled or disabled: "1" = ON, "0"

FETCh?The FETCh? command retrieves measurements stored in mainframe/command module memory by the most recent INITiate command and places them inthe ou

FORMatThe FORMat subsystem sets the format for data transferred from the multimeter tothe computer using the MEASure?, READ?, and FETCh? commands.Subs

Table 1-1. HP E1326B/E1411B Operating CharacteristicsDC VoltageRangesResolutionAccuracy (90 days)Max Rdgs/sec0.125V, 1.0V, 8.0V, 64.0V, 300V full scal

FORMat?FORMat? returns one of the following to the output buffer:• ASC,+7 seven significant digits• REAL,+32 REAL 32 format• REAL,+64 REAL 64 format1

INITiateThe INITiate command subsystem places the multimeter in the wait-for-trigger state.This command is most commonly used with CONFigure.Subsystem

MEASureThe MEASure command subsystem configures the multimeter to perform thespecified measurement with the given range and resolution. When the mult

:FRESistance?MEASure:FRESistance? [<range>[,<resolution>]] [,<channel_list>] selects the4-wire ohms function and allows you to speci

Example Making 4-Wire Ohms MeasurementsMEAS:FRES? 1560,MAX,(@100:103) !Function: 4-wire ohms;range selected: 1861 Ω;MAX resolution: 125 mΩ;specify sen

• To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging, you must specifyMEAS:RES? AUTO or MEAS:RES? DEF must be specified (you cannot omit therange pa

where “cc” is the multiplexer (card) number.• The channel list is of the form (@ccnn), (@ccnn,ccnn), or (@ccnn:ccnn), wherecc = card number and nn = c

• The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for rangeand resolution:For range: MIN = 0.0795 V; MAX = 300 V.For resolution: MIN s

Comments • The [:DC] parameter is optional. Both of the following command statementsselect the DC voltage function:MEAS:VOLT:DC? or MEAS:VOLT?

MEMoryThe MEMory command subsystem enables you to store multimeter readings inshared memory (an external VME memory card).Subsystem Syntax MEMory:VME:

Introduction to OperationThis section contains information on checking communication between themultimeter, mainframe, and computer. It includes info

The lowest decimal address available (2097152) if MIN is specified.The highest decimal address available (14680060) if MAX is specified.Example Queryi

Example Querying the VME Memory SizeMEM:VME:SIZE 100000 !Set memory size to 100 kBytes.MEM:VME:SIZE? !Query multimeter to return memory size.enter sta

OUTPutThe OUTPut command subsystem enables you to route the multimeter’s voltmetercomplete signal to the VXIbus TTL trigger lines.Subsystem Syntax OUT

Example Routing Voltmeter Complete to Trigger LineOUTP:TTLT7 ON !Route signal to trigger line 7.:TTLTrgn[:STATe]?OUTPut:TTLTrgn[:STATe]? returns a nu

READ?The READ? command is most commonly used with CONFigure to:Place the multimeter in the wait-for-trigger state (executes the INITiate command).Tran

READ? !Place multimeter in wait-for-trigger state andmake measurements; send readings to outputbuffer; trigger source is IMMediate bydefault.enter st

SAMPleThe SAMPle command subsystem operates with the TRIGger command subsystem.The SAMPle subsystem:Designates the number of readings made for each tr

READ? !Place multimeter in wait-for-trigger state;make measurement when external trigger isreceived; send readings to output buffer.enter statement !E

READ? !Place multimeter in wait-for-trigger state andmake measurements; send readings to outputbuffer.enter statement !Enter readings into computer.:S

• Related Commands: SAMPle:COUNt, SAMPle:SOURce, SENSe•*RST Condition: SAMPle:TIMer 50E-3 secondsExample Setting the Sample PeriodCONF:VOLT:DC !Func

Table 1-2. HP E1326/E1411 Self-Test CodesSelf-Test Code Description0 Test passed.1 Multimeter does not respond to the self-test.2 Invalid communicatio

[SENSe:]The [SENSe:] command subsystem is most commonly used with CONFigure tochange specific "low-level" measurement parameters. Normally

:RESolution <resolution>:RESolution? [MIN | MAX]Note The root command [SENSe:] is an implied command and can be omitted.FUNCtion[SENSe:]FUNCtion

RESistance:APERture[SENSe:]RESistance:APERture <time> sets the aperture (integration time) inseconds. Values are rounded up to the nearest ape

RESistance:APERture?[SENSe:]RESistance:APERture? [MIN | MAX] returns one of the followingnumbers to the output buffer:The present aperture time in se

RESistance:NPLC?[SENSe:]RESistance:NPLC? [MIN | MAX] returns one of the following numbers tothe output buffer:The present integration time in PLCs if

Example Querying the Offset Compensation ModeRES:OCOM ON !Enable offset compensation.RES:OCOM? !Query multimeter to return offsetcompensation mode.ent

RESistance:RANGe?[SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe? [MIN | MAX] returns one of the following numbersto the output buffer:The present resistance range is selec

RESistance:RANGe:AUTO?[SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe:AUTO? returns a number to show whether theautorange mode is enabled or disabled: "1" = ON, &

Example Changing the ResolutionCONF:FRES 1560,MAX,(@100:103) !Function: 4-wire ohms;range selected: 1861 Ω;MAX resolution: 125 mΩ;specify sense channe

•MIN selects the minimum range available with the VOLTage:AC:RANGecommand: 0.0875V. MAX selects the maximum range available: 300 V.• You must select

Table 1-3. HP E1326/E1411 Power-on SettingsParameter SettingFUNCtion VOLT:DCVOLTage:RANGe 8VRESistance:RANGe16384ΩVOLTage:RANGe:AUTO ONRESistance:RANG

VOLT:AC:RANG? !Query multimeter to return the presentrange.enter statement !Enter value into computer.VOLTage:APERture[SENSe:]VOLTage:APERture <tim

Example Querying the Aperture TimeVOLT:APER 2.67E-01 !Aperture time is 267 ms.VOLT:APER? !Query multimeter to return aperture time.enter statement !En

VOLT:DC:RANG 0.9 !Range selected 1 V; MAX resolution: 61.035 µV.READ? !Place multimeter in wait-for-trigger state andmake measurements; send readings

• The greater the number of PLCs, the greater the normal mode rejection (and thelower the reading rate).• Only the 1 PLC and 16 PLC settings provide n

• Related Commands: CONFigure, VOLTage:RANGe•*RST Condition: VOLT:RANG:AUTO ONExample Disabling AutorangingVOLT:RANG:AUTO OFF !Disable autorange.VOL

• The VOLT:RANG command overrides the range setting from a previousCONFigure command on the same function. The multimeter uses the sameaperture time

SYSTemThe SYSTem command subsystem returns error numbers and messages in the errorqueue. For the scanning multimeter configuration only, SYSTem can a

• HEWLETT-PACKARD,E1347A,0,A.01.00• HEWLETT-PACKARD,E1460A,0,A.01.00• NONE,NONE,0,0ParametersParameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Uni

TRIGgerThe TRIGger command subsystem controls the behavior of the trigger system. Thesubsystem can control:The number of triggers to occur before the

•CONFigure and MEASure set the trigger count to 1.• *RST Condition: TRIG:COUN 1Examples Setting the Trigger Count (Scanning Multimeter)CONF:VOLT:DC (

Clearing the Multimeter When the multimeter is selected from the HP E1301A mainframe menu, themultimeter is cleared by pressing the “Clear Instr” key

:DELayTRIGger:DELay <period> sets the delay period between receipt of the trigger andthe start of the measurement.ParametersParameter Name Para

:DELay:AUTOTRIGger:DELay:AUTO <mode> enables or disables a trigger delay based on thepresent function, range, and integration time. The trigge

[:IMMediate]TRIGger[:IMMediate] causes a trigger to occur immediately provided themultimeter is in the wait-for-trigger state (see the INITiate subsy

ParametersParameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units<source>discrete BUS | EXT | HOLD | IMMediate | TTLTrg0 - TTLTrg7noneComme

Example Querying the Trigger SourceTRIG:SOUR EXT !Trigger source is external BNC onmultimeter front panel.TRIG:SOUR? !Query multimeter to return trigg

IEEE 488.2 Common Command ReferenceThe following table lists the IEEE 488.2 Common (*) Commands that can beexecuted by the HP E1326B and HP E1411B 51

Command Quick Reference The following tables summarize SCPI commands for the HP E1326B andHP E1411B 51⁄2-Digit Multimeters.Command DescriptionABORt Pl

Command DescriptionSAMPle :COUNt 1-16777215 | MIN | MAX:COUNt? [MIN | MAX]:SOURce IMM | TIM:SOURce?:TIMer 76 µs-65.534 ms | MIN | MAX:TIMer? [MIN | MA

Appendix A 1326B/E1411B Multimeter Specifications 189 Appendix A E1326B/E1411B Multimeter

DC VoltageAccuracy conditions for table below: Autozero on, one hour warmup. Temperature within ±5°C of calibration temperature (module calibrated at

The error queue can store up to 30 error messages which are retrieved in afirst in, first out (FIFO) manner. When there are no error messages in theq

Appendix A 1326B/E1411B Multimeter Specifications 191 Accuracy conditions for table below: Autozero on, one hour warmup. Within 1 year and ±5°

192 1326B/E1411B Multimeter Specifications Appendix A Four-Wire Resis

Appendix A 1326B/E1411B Multimeter Specifications 193 Accuracy condition for table below: Autozero on, one-hour warmup. Within 90 days and ±5°

194 1326B/E1411B Multimeter Specifications Appendix A True RMS AC Vol

Appendix A 1326B/E1411B Multimeter Specifications 195 Accuracy conditions for table below: Autozero on, one-hour warmup. Within 90 days and ±5

Timer/Pacer Module Size/Device Type:Timer Range: 76 µsec to 65.5 msec B, register-based (E1326B)Resolution: 2 µs C, register-based (E1411B)Accuracy: 0

Appendix BHP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter ErrorMessagesThe error messages associated with the HP E1326B/HP E1411B multimeterare shown in this appendix.Co

Code Message Cause- 230 Data corrupt or stale Data in mainframe memory is fetched after a command(e.g., MEASure, READ?) has returned data to theoutpu

Appendix CHP E1326B/E1411B MultimeterRegister-Based ProgrammingAbout This AppendixThe HP E1326B and HP E1411B 51⁄2-Digit Multimeters are register-bas

The Base Address When you are reading or writing to a multimeter register, a hexadecimal ordecimal register address is specified. This address consis

ContentsHP E1326B/E1411B 5 1/2 Digit Multimeter User’s ManualWarranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 2Configuring the HP E1326B/E1411BMultimeterAbout This ChapterThis chapter contains information on connecting input signals to themultimeter u

Finding the BaseAddress in anEmbedded ControllerWhen using an embedded controller such as the HP RADI-EPC7 with theStandard Instrument Command Library

Register Offset The register offset is the register’s location in the block of 64 address bytes.For example, the multimeter’s Command Register has an

Register DescriptionsThere are three WRITE and five READ registers on the multimeter. Thissection contains a description and a bit map of each regist

The Command andParameter RegistersCommands and their parameters are opcodes written to the Command andParameter Registers.Address 15 - 8 76543210base

The READ Registers The following READ registers are located on the multimeter.– ID Register (base + 0016)– Device Type Register (base + 0216)– Status

The Device TypeRegisterThe Device Type Register contains a model code which identifies thedevice.Address 1514131211109876543210base + 0216Model CodeMo

Passed. A zero (0) in bit 2 indicates the multimeter is executing a reset, oris executing or failed its self-test. A one (1) indicates the reset is

The Data Buffer Measurements are returned to the Data Buffer. The buffer is afirst-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer capable of storing 256 four-byte readin

Converting Four-Byteand Two-Byte ReadingsFour-byte readings and two-byte readings are converted to voltages andresistances as follows.Four-Byte Readin

Program Timing and ExecutionWhen programming the multimeter at the register level, the structure of theprogram will generally be as follows:– resettin

Setting the LogicalAddress SwitchFigure 2-1 shows the location and settings of the multimeter’s logicaladdress switch.The switch has a factory setting

• Bit 2 of the Status Register is monitored to determine when the resetis finished.• Writing a "0" to bit 1 re-enables SYSFAIL. Configuring

Figure C-4. Configuring the Multimeter212 HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter Register-Based Programming Appendix C

RetrievingMeasurementsFigure C-5 shows the conditions monitored to determine when measurementsare available in the data buffer.Comments• The registers

Checking for Errors Error conditions are monitored and error codes are returned as indicated infigure C-6.Comments• The registers used are:– Status Re

QueryingParametersMultimeter parameters are queried as shown in Figure C-7.Comments• The registers used are:– Status Register (base + 0416)– Command R

Using a Multiplexerwith the MultimeterFigure C-8 shows an example timing sequence between closing a multiplexerchannel and triggering the multimeter.C

Register TriggeringThis section reviews the multimeter’s trigger system from the register-basedstandpoint. The section shows the triggering models us

MultimeterTriggering ModelThe following models suggest one method of triggering the multimeterwhen it is used to make stand-alone or scanning measurem

Control RegisterSamplingThe following model shows how to make a measurement by writing to theControl Register. This method of sampling is available w

Programming ExamplesThe examples in this section demonstrate how to program the multimeter atthe register level. The programs follow the execution an

Forming a ScanningMultimeterIf multiplexers are used to form a scanning multimeter, they must beassigned successive logical addresses beginning with t

Resetting theMultimeterThe following program resets the multimeter.HP BASIC/WS 10 !Map the A16 address space in the HP V/382 and store the multimeter

C Version/* E1411_RS.CPP - This program resets the multimeter. */#include <sicl.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <

Reading the IDRegisterAs mentioned previously, the ID Register indicates the classification,addressing mode, and manufacturer of the device. This prog

Reading the DeviceType RegisterThe Device Type Register contains the model code of the device. The HP E1326B model code is FF4016 and the HP E1411B m

C Version/* E1411_ID.CPP - This program reads the multimeter’s ID and Device Type *//* registers. */#include <sicl.h>#include <stdio.h>#in

Reading the QueryResponse RegisterThe following program sets the multimeter function to (2-wire) OHMS, andthen queries the function and reads it from

380 !This subprogram sets and queries the multimeter function.390 SUB Func_qry400 COM Base_addr410 WRITEIO -16,Base_addr+8;4420 CALL Wait_not_bsy430

C Version /* E1411_QY.CPP - This program sets the multimeter function to (4-wire) *//* OHMS and then queries the function setting and reads it from

/* this function sets the multimeter function to ohms */unsigned short query; /* variable for data from query response reg *//* write ’measurement fu

Reading an ErrorCodeThis program generates an error and then reads the error code from theQuery Response Register.HP BASIC/WS Version 10 !Map the A16

VXIbus InterruptLinesThe multimeter sends interrupts to, and receives acknowledgements fromthe slot 0 module via the VXIbus backplane interrupt lines.

380 !This subprogram calls Read_status to check status bit 1 to determine390 !when an error code is in the Query Response register.400 SUB Qry_ready41

C Version /* E1411_EC.CPP - This program generates an error and then reads the *//* error code from the Query Response Register. */#include <si

/* this function specifies a parameter opcode of 7 for the function *//* parameter. This is a parameter out of range. *//* write ’measurement function

Stand-AloneMultimeterMeasurementsThe following program makes measurements using the stand-alonemultimeter. The configuration shown makes five bursts

360 !Dimension a computer variable to store the measurements.370 !(size = number of bursts * number of readings per burst.)380 REAL Readings(1:25) 390

770 !This subprogram calls Read_status to check the validity of status bit 7780 !(DONE). This ensures the validity of status bits 6,5,4, and 1.790 SUB

1190 !This subprogram writes commands and parameters to the Command1200 !and Parameter registers. It calls Wait_not_bsy prior to writing the next1210

1620 Header=BIT(Lower_word,0)*128+Rng1630 Exp=BINAND(Header,7)1640 ELSE1650 Upper_word=READIO(-16,Base_addr+12)1660 CALL Data_ready1670 Lower_word=REA

C Version /* E1411_M.CPP - This program takes measurements on the front *//* terminals of the E1411B multimeter. */#include <sicl.h>#incl

/* map the E1411B registers into user memory space */base_addr_dmm = imap(e1411b, I_MAP_VXIDEV, 0, 1, NULL);/* function call to reset the multimeter *

HP E1326B InternalInstallationWhen the HP E1326B is installed in an HP E1300A/E1301A/E1302Amainframe, it occupies one slot. However, the faceplate to

/* write command to command register *//* wait for mm ready bit = 1 */while(!READY);iwpoke((unsigned short *)(base_addr_dmm + 0x08),command);/* write

iwpoke((unsigned short *)(base_addr_dmm + 0x0A),parm2);while(!DONE); /* wait until mm is done before sending the *//* next command and parameters */if

/******************************************************/void no_dmm_parameters(char *base_addr_dmm, int command){/* this function sends those multime

/* get lower word of reading from the data register, add the *//* word to the reading upper word in the variable dmm_4byte, *//* ensure upper word of

dmm_2byte = (dmm_2byte >> 1);/* get range code from rng variable, get range from *//* the appropriate range table */if (func == 2)range = ohm_ra

ScanningMultimeterMeasurementsThe following program makes measurements using the multimeter and theHP E1460A 64-Channel Relay Module. The configurati

360 !Set the sample source(IMMEDIATE)370 CALL Peek_meas(7,0)380 !Set the sample rate (Set if sample source is Timer (1))390 !CALL Peek_meas(10,0,70)4

790 SUBEND800 !This subprogram calls Read_status to check the validity of bit 7 (DONE).810 !This ensures the validity of bits 6,5,4, and 1.820 SUB Wai

1210 CALL Read_status(Status,Rdy,Done,Indardy,Qryrdy,Noerr,Mmcomp, Pass_fail)1220 UNTIL Indardy1230 SUBEND1240 !This subprogram monitors bit 5 (MULTIM

1630 !This subprogram writes commands and parameters to the Command and1640 !Parameter registers. When a command is written, it calls Wait_not_bsy1650

Installing theHP E1411B in aMainframeThe HP E1411B multimeter can be installed in any slot (except slot 0) in aC-size VXIbus mainframe. Refer to Figu

2000 !This subprogram reads the measurements (all channels) from the 2010 !data buffer. It converts the measured quantities to volts, ohms, etc.,2020

2340 !This subprogram resets the multimeter by disabling the SYSFAIL bit,2350 !then writing a "1" to Control register bit 0, and then writi

C Version This program uses the E1411B multimeter and the E1351A FETmultiplexer to perform high-speed scanning. The program configures themultimeter

char *base_addr_dmm; /* pointer to multimeter base address */char *base_addr_fet; /* pointer to multiplexer base address */clrscr( ); /* clear the use

/* Download FET multiplexer scan list */set_scanlist(base_addr_fet);/* trigger the multimeter */ trigger_dmm(base_addr_dmm);/* close the device sessio

/*******************************************************/void set_sample_period(char *base_addr_dmm, int command, unsignedshort parameter){/* this fu

/******************************************************/void set_dmm_counts(char *base_addr_dmm, int command, long parameter){/* this function sets t

/******************************************************/void no_dmm_parameters(char *base_addr_dmm, int command){/* this function sends those multime

/******************************************************/void trigger_dmm(char *base_addr_dmm){/* this function triggers the multimeter and retrieves a

/* get range code from reading, get range from *//* the appropriate range table */range_code = ((dmm_4byte >> 24) & 7);if (func == 2)range =

The ReferenceFrequencyIn many data acquisition applications, DC voltage and resistancemeasurements are often made in the presence of normal mode noise

/******************************************************/void check_for_error(char *base_addr_dmm){unsigned short error_code; /* variable for error cod

Useful TablesThe tables contained in this section are:• Command and Parameter Opcodes• Register-Based Programming Error Codes• Multimeter Power-On Set

Table C-2. Command and Parameter Opcodes (continued) MultimeterParameterCommandOpcodeParameterOpcode ValueQueryOpcodeQueryResponseVoltmeterComp

Register-BasedProgramming ErrorCodesThe error codes related to register-based programming are listed in Table C-3.Note When an error occurs, bit 6 in

MultimeterPower-On SettingsThe multimeter’s power-on settings are shown in Table C-4.Table C-4. Multimeter Power-On SettingsParameter Value OpcodeFun

Function andAperture ChangeTimesTable C-5 lists the times required for the multimeter to change its functionand aperture time. The times pertain to b

VME Interrupts The HP E1326B/E1411B generates interrupt signals on the conditionsindicated in Table C-6. These signals are available to the computer(

Notes268 HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter Register-Based Programming Appendix C

Appendix DMeasurement Speed and Accuracy TradeoffsThe HP E1326B SCPI driver was designed so that its default mode ofoperation will deliver high accur

Avoid FunctionChangesThe E1326B multimeter (DMM) takes time to switch between its variousfunctions because the hardware is reconfigured and calibratio

Input CharacteristicsThe multimeter is a floating, balanced differential multimeter. Floating meansthe multimeter’s input terminals are isolated from

Do Binary Transfers tothe ComputerREAL 32 is fastest and is compatible with compiled languages.REAL 64 is fast and is compatible with HP BASIC.The def

150 GOTO End160 Kaboom: PRINT ""170 PRINT ERRM$180 PRINT "HERE IS THE E13XX ERROR STATUS"190 E13xx_errors200 End: END210 !This s

550 ENTER @Dmm;Readings(*)560 Stop=TIMEDATE570 PRINT "TIME TO READ 10000 READINGS IN ASCII=";(Stop-Start)580 !Now transfer the same data in

Use Macros toMinimize CommandParsing TimeMacros provide the fastest programming method when it is necessary tochange functions from one measurement to

Turn Auto Ranging OFF Turning auto ranging OFF makes the E1326B take all of its measurementson a fixed range which results in fast and predictable mea

Setting the Resolution The aperture time is set as a result of specifying the <resolution> parameterin the MEASure or CONFigure command, or by d

Store the Readings inCommand ModuleRAM Instead ofSending them Directlyto the ComputerThere is a major difference between INIT;:FETCH? and READ? after

READ? The READ? command causes the E1326B multimeter to start takingreadings as soon as the trigger requirements have been met (seeINIT;:FETCh).The RE

IndexHP E1326B/E1411B 5 1/2 Digit Multimeter User’s Manual*CLS, 178, 186*DMC, 186*EMC, 186*EMC?, 186*ESE, 186*ESE?, 186*ESR?, 186*GMC?, 186*IDN?, 186

enabling, 167, 174parameters, 94querying setting, 95, 168, 175RESistance:RANGe:AUTO, 94, 167setting, 94VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO, 94, 174AutozeroCALibration:

Input Terminals The multimeter input terminals are shown in Figure 2-7. The maximuminput on the HI and LO terminals is 300 V dc (450 V ac peak). The

INITiate, 142linking, 119MEASure, 42, 76 - 78, 82, 143 - 149MEMory, 150 - 152opcodes, 262 - 263OUTPut, 153 - 154parsing time, 274quick reference, 187

REAL-32, 80, 140, 271REAL-64, 58, 80, 140, 271selecting, 80specifying, 80, 140vs. reading destination, 81DC Voltage Measurements, 42accuracy condition

scanning multimeter measurements, 20, 246 - 261setting aperture time and sample period, 110setting sample count, 108setting trigger count, 105setting

reference thermistor, 89terminal module connections, 33 - 36thermocouple measurements, 130, 146thermocouple types, 89HP E1403B Adapter, 37cables, 38HP

measurement speed, 56 - 57MEASurecommands, 143 - 149making measurements with, 78, 82parameters, 91subsystem, 143 - 149used as a single command, 20used

burst measurements, 45high-speed scans, 54 - 55scans, making, 47 - 48MultiplexerAC voltage measurement, 130, 147connected to multimeter, 14, 29 - 31,

register-based, 199 - 268timing and execution, 210QQuery Response Register, 207, 226 - 229reading an error code, 230 - 233QueryingAC voltage range, 17

error codes, 264examples, 220 - 261function change times, 266ID register, 205, 223parameter register, 204parameters opcodes, 262 - 263power-on setting

Saving Multimeter Configurations, 114*SAV, 114example program, 115how to, 114in memory, 14ScanningB-size switchbox channels, 50 - 51C-size switchbox c

integration time, 98, 163 - 164, 171, 173IRQ jumper, 24line reference frequency, 123logical address switch, 22 - 23pacing source, 158range, 93, 166rea

ConnectingMultiplexersIn a scanning multimeter configuration, the multimeter is connected to themultiplexers with an analog bus cable, or with the ana

delay, 106 - 107, 181 - 182group execute (GET), 103, 122immediately, 183lines (TTL), 153 - 154model, 218readings per, 157registers, 217 - 219sample co

Notes292 HP E1326B/E1411B 5 1/2 Digit Multimeter User’s Manual Index

Making Multiple Burst Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Scanning a Channel List . . . .

Analog BusConnections at theMultimeterThe analog bus coming from the multiplexer consists of six lines. On themultiplexer terminal block these lines

Connecting Input SignalsThis section contains guidelines on connecting input signals to themultimeter and shows the connections required to make the f

MeasurementConnectionsE1460AE1346AE1352AE1345A/47A/51A/53AFigure 2-12. Connections for DC and AC Voltage MeasurementsChapter 2 Configuring the HP E13

Note 2-wire resistance measurements require the multiplexer modules shownabove. Resistance measurements using the multimeter terminals or directlythr

NOTE: Channel Pairs are banks 0/4, 1/5, 2/6, and 3/7.See Chapter 2 of the HP E1460A User’s Manual.E1460AE1345A/47A/51A/53AFigure 2-14. Connections for

E1344A/47A/53AE1476AFigure 2-15. Connections for Thermocouples36 Configuring the HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter Chapter 2

Carrier Cable AssembliesThe following table and figures show the cables used to connect relay andFET multiplexers to the HP E1411B multimeter. These

Figure 2-16. Cables for B-Size Multiplexers in HP E1403B Adapter38 Configuring the HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter Chapter 2

Additional ConfigurationsThis section contains information on two additional configurations for themultimeter:• selecting VME RAM, and• disabling fron

Notes40 Configuring the HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter Chapter 2

Saving Multimeter Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114How to Save and Recall a Conf

Chapter 3Using the HP E1326B/E1411B MultimeterAbout This ChapterThis chapter is a collection of example programs which show you how tomake measuremen

Multimeter Connections Chapter 2 contains information on connecting input signals for themeasurements described in this chapter.The MEASure andCONFigu

Making a Burst of MeasurementsThis program makes 100 DC voltage measurements on the terminalsconnected to the multimeter’s faceplate. 10 !Dimension a

Making an Externally Triggered Burst of MeasurementsThis program makes a burst of 10 measurements on the faceplate terminalswhen the multimeter receiv

Making Multiple Burst MeasurementsThis program makes multiple burst measurements with a 5 second delaybetween bursts. There are three bursts, each co

• The trigger delay is the period between the trigger signal and thestart of the measurement (burst). The trigger delay set byCONFigure is 0 seconds

Making Multiple ScansThis program scans a channel list multiple times. 10 !Dimension a computer array to store the readings. 20 DIM Rdgs(1:20) 30 !Cle

Making Multiple Paced ScansThis program makes multiple scans through a channel list with the scansoccurring at specified intervals. 10 !Dimension a co

Making an Externally Triggered ScanThis example makes one scan through a channel list when the multimeterreceives an external trigger. 10 !Dimension a

Scanning Switchbox Channels (E1326B/E1351A)In this example, the stand-alone multimeter (HP E1326B) scans 5 channelsof an HP E1351A FET multiplexer swi

:VME:STATe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152:VME:STATe? . . . .

380 OUTPUT 70903;"INIT"390 !Retrieve the readings from multimeter memory and enter them into the400 !controller. Clear the switchbox to exi

Scanning Switchbox Channels (E1411B/E1460A)In this example, the stand-alone multimeter (HP E1411B) scans 64 channelson an HP E1460A relay multiplexer

370 !Retrieve the readings from multimeter memory, enter and display them380 !on the computer.390 OUTPUT 70903;"FETC?"400 ENTER 70903;Rdgs(*

Multiple High-Speed ScansThis example shows how a scanning multimeter consisting of the HP E1326Bmultimeter and HP E1351A FET multiplexer is programme

370 !Trigger the multimeter to start the measurements. Retrieve the readings380 !from multimeter memory and enter them into the controller. Since the

Maximizing Measurement SpeedThis program shows the multimeter configuration required to makemeasurements at the fastest possible rate (13150 readings/

• The terms MIN and MAX often appear as parameter choices in acommand’s syntax. MIN selects the minimum numeric value for thatparameter. MAX selects

Changing the Data FormatThroughput speed between the multimeter and computer is increased whenbinary (rather than ASCII) data formats are used. The f

• When HP BASIC is used, the program’s ENTER @Dmm USING ...statement is used to remove the Arbitrary Block header:# - tells the computer to terminate

Using a PC, C Language, and theHP 82335 HP-IB Interface CardThe following benchmark program scans 50 channels, 40 times, andcompares each reading to u

:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180:DELay . . . . .

void main(void) /* run the program */ { clrscr(); /* clears screen (turbo C only) */ rst_clr(); /* reset the scanning multimeter */ scan_mu

if (rdgs[j] -.5 || rdgs[j] = .5)printf("\n%f", rdgs[j]);}}}T2 = time(NULL); /* get stop time *//* calculate time for measurements */printf(

Maximizing Measurement AccuracyThis program makes DC voltage measurements on three channels using themultimeter configuration which makes the most acc

Storing Readings in Shared MemoryThe following program stores the multimeter readings on a VME memory card. 10 !Dimension computer variables to store

Comments• Once the INIT command completes, the readings in shared memoryare available to any device. The readings at this time are in 32-bitREAL form

Checking for ErrorsThe following program is a method of checking for errors as you program themultimeter. The program monitors the multimeter’s Stand

Comments• If you have an HP 75000 Series B mainframe with a keyboard, errorscan be monitored by selecting "Monitor" from the multimeter menu

Synchronizing the Multimeter with a ComputerThis is an example of how an HP 9000 Series 200/300 computer canmonitor the multimeter to determine when d

Additional Measurement FunctionsThe following MEASure and CONFigure statements can be substituted intothe example programs to make measurements other

!2-wire thermistor (type = 2252, 5000, 10000).OUTPUT 70903;"MEAS:TEMP? THER,type,(@channel_list)"!4-wire thermistor (type = 2252, 5000, 1000

Reading the Device Type Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Reading the Query Response Register

Additional FunctionUsing the HP E1345AMultiplexerThis is an example of how to setup scanning when using an HP E1345Amultiplexer configured as a switch

310 !320 !Subprogram Scan_100µs.330 !340 SUB Scan_100us350 COM @Sys,@Dvm,@Sw360 DIM Readings(0:15)370 !380 !Clear and reset multimeter.3

850 !Clear and reset multimeter. 860 ! 870 CLEAR @Dvm 880 OUTPUT @Dvm;"*RST;*CLS;*OPC?" 890 ENTER @Dvm;A 900 !

Notes74 Using the HP E1326B/E1411B Multimeter Chapter 3

Chapter 4Understanding the HP E1326B/E1411BMultimeterAbout This Chapter This chapter describes the parameters which configure the multimeter andhelps

Using MEASure and CONFigure CommandsEach time the multimeter makes a measurement, it does so from aconfiguration based on several parameters. The eas

Table 4-1. Configurations Using MEASure and CONFigureParameter Command SettingFunction As specified.RangeVOLTage:RANGeRESistance:RANGeAs specified or

How to Make MeasurementsThis section explains when you should use MEASure or CONFigure toconfigure the multimeter. It also shows you how to make meas

Making MeasurementsWhen Using CONFigureTo make a measurement the multimeter must be in the wait-for-trigger statewhen a trigger signal occurs. The ME

Data Formats and DestinationsThe HP E1326B/E1411B multimeter allows you to specify themeasurement (data) format and reading destination parameters whi

CertificationHewlett-Packard Company certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-P

Overload Indications The multimeter indicates an overload condition (input greater than theselected range can measure) by displaying or storing:±9.900

Example: EnteringData into the Computer(measurements usingMEASure) 10 !Declare computer array to store 5 readings. 20 REAL Dc_rdgs(1:5) 30 !Configure

4. Data stored in memory overwrites the data from a previous command.5. Each reading stored in memory is four bytes (REAL 32-bit). Thisformat canno

Example: RetrievingData from Memory 10 !Declare computer array to store 12 readings. 20 REAL Ohm_rdgs(1:12) 30 !Configure the multimeter. 40 OUTPUT 70

ReadingDestinationSummaryThe reading destination you select will depend on your application.However, consider the following when selecting a destinati

Measurement FunctionsThe HP E1326B/E1411B multimeter can make the following measurements:– DC Voltage– RMS AC Voltage– 2-Wire Resistance– 4-Wire Resis

The AC voltage function is specified as: VOLTage:ACand generally appears in the MEASure and CONFigure commands as:MEAS:VOLT:AC? ... [(@channel_list)]C

Two-WireMeasurementsTwo-wire measurements are useful in applications where test leadresistance is not critical. Because the multimeter measures the t

This function appears in the MEASure and CONFigure commands as:MEAS:TEMP? THER,type,(@channel_list)CONF:TEMP THER,type,(@channel_list)Four-wire measur

Four-wire measurements are specified as:TEMP FRTD,typeThe function appears in the MEASure and CONFigure commands as:MEAS:TEMP? FRTD,type[,(@channel_li

Frame or chassis ground terminal—typi-cally connects to the equipment’s metalframe.Alternating current (AC).Direct current (DC). Indicates hazardous v

Example: ChangingMeasurementFunctions withFUNCtion 10 !Configure for DC voltage measurement. 20 CONF:VOLT:DC 30 !Put multimeter in wait-for-trigger st

Table 4-5. Aperture Time, Range, and Resolution SettingsAperture Time Integration Time (PLCs) 10 µs*0.0005100 µs0.0052.5 ms0.12516.7 ms120 ms1267 ms16

Range The range parameter sets the range of input signal levels the multimeter isto accept and measure. Consider the following when determining a ran

Autorange The default range is autorange. Autorange is the process where themultimeter samples the input signal, and then automatically selects theco

Querying theAutorange SettingThe autorange setting is queried with the VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO? andRESistance:RANGe:AUTO? commands. See Chapter 5 for addi

Setting the Resolution The resolutions for DC/AC voltage and resistance measurements are givenin Table 4-5 on page 92. Note that the resolution is sp

Aperture andIntegration TimeThe aperture time or integration time is the time which the multimetersamples the input signal. Aperture time is expresse

Setting the Apertureand Integration TimeThe multimeter aperture times, integration times, line frequency rejected,and the amount of normal mode reject

Autozero Autozero is the process of cancelling out the offset voltage from DC voltageand resistance measurements. When the multimeter is triggered an

OffsetCompensationAnytime a resistance measurement is made, offset voltages internal andexternal to the multimeter can be present. When these offsets