Agilent Technologies 54503A Guia do Utilizador Página 65
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Chapter 2 65
Making Measurements
Example 3: Modulation
• Gradually change the modulation frequency (or change the
amplitude of the modulation signal) and observe the changes in the
displayed nulls. Figure 2-12 illustrates a frequency-modulated
signal with a small modulation index (modulation index of about 0.2)
as it appears on a spectrum analyzer. Figure 2-13 on page 66 and
Figure 2-14 on page 66 illustrate larger modulation index values. In
the first figure the null is at the carrier. In the second figure the null
is at the first sideband.
Figure 2-12 A Frequency-Modulated Signal
- User’s Guide 1
- Certification 2
- General Safety Considerations 2
- Warranty 4
- LIMITATION OF WARRANTY 4
- EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES 4
- Contents 10
- Quick Start Guide 21
- How to Use This Guide 22
- E-Series Spectrum Analyzers 23
- Initial Inspection 25
- Chapter 1 27 27
- First Time 28
- Chapter 1 29 29
- LINE to turn the analyzer on 29
- Making a Basic Measurement 30
- Chapter 1 33 33
- Reference Level Calibration 35
- Front Panel Overview 36
- Chapter 1 37 37
- Table 1-2 38
- Display Annotation 39
- S = Single-sweep mode 40
- Rear Panel Overview 41
- Assistance 44
- 46 Chapter1 46
- Manuals Available Separately 47
- 48 Chapter1 48
- (with Resolution Bandwidth) 51
- 52 Chapter2 52
- Unequal Amplitude 53
- 54 Chapter2 54
- Chapter 2 55 55
- Measurements with Ampcor 56
- Chapter 2 57 57
- Ampcor Limitations 59
- Example 3: Modulation 60
- Chapter 2 61 61
- ------------------------= 62
- Chapter 2 65 65
- 66 Chapter2 66
- What Is Harmonic Distortion? 67
- Procedure A 67
- Chapter 2 69 69
- 70 Chapter2 70
- NEXT PK RIGHT again 70
- PEAK EXCURSN 70
- Procedure B 72
- 74 Chapter2 74
- AMPLITUDE, MORE 1 OF 3 74
- Distortion 75
- 80 Chapter2 80
- SAVE, SAVE STATE 80
- Chapter 2 81 81
- 84 Chapter2 84
- Chapter 2 85 85
- Chapter 2 87 87
- 90 Chapter2 90
- 94 Chapter2 94
- RANGE LVL 94
- Chapter 2 97 97
- (Unpreselected) 98
- 104 Chapter2 104
- Making Measurements 104
- 106 Chapter2 106
- Chapter 2 107 107
- Measurement 108
- Chapter 2 109 109
- ACP Analog Method Definition 113
- Chapter 2 115 115
- 116 Chapter2 116
- Chapter 2 117 117
- 118 Chapter2 118
- RCR-27B Standard 120
- RCR-28 Standard 121
- IS-54 Standard 122
- Chapter 2 123 123
- 124 Chapter2 124
- Chapter 2 125 125
- 126 Chapter2 126
- Chapter 2 127 127
- What Is Time-Gating? 129
- 130 Chapter2 130
- How Time-Gating Works 131
- 132 Chapter2 132
- Chapter 2 133 133
- 134 Chapter2 134
- Chapter 2 135 135
- Correction 10db log 136
- RF-Pulse Train 137
- Instrument Connections 139
- Measurement Results 139
- 140 Chapter2 140
- Triggering 141
- 142 Chapter2 142
- Chapter 2 143 143
- Chapter 2 145 145
- 146 Chapter2 146
- Chapter 2 147 147
- 148 Chapter2 148
- Chapter 2 149 149
- Chapter 2 151 151
- Measurements with Sweep Delay 154
- Chapter 2 155 155
- 156 Chapter2 156
- What Is Pulsed RF? 158
- Chapter 2 159 159
- 160 Chapter2 160
- 164 Chapter2 164
- Softkey Menus 165
- Menu Trees 166
- Chapter 3 167 167
- 168 Chapter3 168
- Chapter 3 169 169
- Figure 3-6 BW Key Menu 170
- Figure 3-7 CAL Key Menu Tree 171
- 172 Chapter3 172
- Figure 3-9 COPY Key 173
- Figure 3-13 HOLD Key 174
- Chapter 3 175 175
- Figure 3-16 MKR Key Menu 176
- Figure 3-17 MKR-> Key Menu 177
- Figure 3-18 MODULE Key Menus 177
- Figure 3-20 PRESET Key 178
- Chapter 3 179 179
- Figure 3-23 SGL SWP Key 180
- Figure 3-24 SPAN Key Menu 180
- Figure 3-27 TRIG Key Menu 181
- 182 Chapter3 182
- Key Function Descriptions 183
- Key Function Tables 184
- SWP CPL SR SA AUX CTRL 196
- Table 4-3 Marker Functions 197
- Table 4-4 Control Functions 199
- Key Descriptions 204
- 208 Chapter4 208
- 210 Chapter4 210
- MEAS/USER 210
- Chapter 4 213 213
- S Single-sweep mode 217
- 228 Chapter4 228
- (E-series only) 229
- Detector 232
- 250 Chapter4 250
- Chapter 4 251 251
- capability of the tracking 280
- 288
- Programming 289
- Programming Features 290
- Chapter 5 291 291
- 292 Chapter5 292
- Communication with the System 293
- 294 Chapter5 294
- Chapter 5 295 295
- 296 Chapter5 296
- Chapter 5 297 297
- Program Timing 298
- Initialize analyzer 299
- Change measurement 299
- Measure with trace A 300
- 302 Chapter5 302
- Data Transfer to Computer 303
- Chapter 5 305 305
- Trace-Data Formatting 306
- XAMPLE 4 307
- XAMPLE 5 308
- Chapter 5 309 309
- XAMPLE 6 310
- XAMPLE 7 311
- XAMPLE 8 312
- XAMPLE 9 313
- XAMPLE 10 314
- XAMPLE 11 314
- Input and Output Buffers 316
- Buffer Space 317
- Preventing Timeouts 317
- Synchronizing Your Program 318
- Clearing the Buffers 318
- Math Functions 319
- Adding and Subtracting in dBm 320
- Use AMBPL to Correct Data 320
- XAMPLE 1 321
- Trace Data Limits 322
- Figure 5-10 Display Units 323
- Creating Screen Titles 324
- No-Format Method 325
- Format Methods 325
- Plotter Requirements 327
- Making a Basic Plot 328
- XAMPLE 2 329
- Plotting Options 330
- Printer Requirements 330
- Making a Basic Print 331
- Monitoring System Operation 332
- Chapter 5 333 333
- Selects bit 5 and 4 334
- (32+16) to enable 334
- Also selects bits 5 334
- Reading Service Request Data 336
- XAMPLE 3 337
- Programming Command Cross 339
- Reference 339
- Features 340
- 352 Chapter6 352
- Chapter 6 353 353
- 354 Chapter6 354
- Chapter 6 355 355
- 356 Chapter6 356
- Chapter 6 357 357
- 358 Chapter6 358
- Chapter 6 359 359
- 360 Chapter6 360
- Chapter 6 361 361
- Commands 362
- Mass Memory Module Commands 365
- Language Reference 369
- Language Reference Features 370
- Syntax Diagram Conventions 371
- Query Responses 372
- Table 7-1 Syntax Elements 373
- Programming Commands 377
- Query Response 379
- Weighting 380
- Alternate Channels 381
- Description 382
- Parameters 382
- Bandwidth 384
- 386 Chapter7 386
- Frequency Weighting 387
- Preset State 388
- • channel spacing (ACPSP) 393
- • channel bandwidth (ACPBW) 393
- Measurement Method 394
- Chapter 7 395 395
- Measurement State 397
- ADJALL LO and IF Adjustments 407
- ADJCRT Adjust CRT Alignment 408
- ADJIF Adjust IF 410
- AMB Trace A Minus Trace B 412
- AMPCOR Amplitude Correction 416
- Array Size 419
- ANNOT Annotation On/Off 422
- APB Trace A Plus Trace B 423
- AT Input Attenuation 424
- AUTOCPL Auto Coupled 428
- AXB Trace A Exchange Trace B 429
- BLANK Blank Trace 430
- CARROFF Carrier Off Power 432
- CARRON Carrier On Power 433
- CF Center Frequency 434
- CHANPWR Channel Power 436
- CHANNEL Channel Selection 438
- CLRW Clear Write 440
- CNVLOSS Conversion Loss 441
- CONTS Continuous Sweep 443
- COUPLE Input Coupling 444
- Within Delta Marker 445
- DEMOD Demodulation 447
- DEMODT Demodulation Time 451
- DET Detection Modes 453
- DL Display Line 455
- DLYSWP Delay Sweep 457
- Sets the sweep delay to 10 458
- DONE Done 459
- ERR Error 460
- ET Elapsed Time 462
- EXTMXR External Mixer Mode 463
- FA Start Frequency 464
- FB Stop Frequency 466
- FDIAG Frequency Diagnostics 468
- FDSP Frequency Display Off 470
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform 472
- FOFFSET Frequency Offset 475
- FREF Frequency Reference 477
- FS Full Span 478
- FULBAND Full Band 479
- ≤920528 or with Option 008 480
- GATE Gate 481
- Turns on the gating 482
- GATECTL Gate Control 483
- Sets the gate delay to 20 484
- Sets the gate length to 15 485
- GP Gate Polarity 486
- GRAT Graticule On/Off 487
- HNLOCK Harmonic Number Lock 489
- HNUNLK Unlock Harmonic Number 491
- ID Output Identification 492
- Frequency 493
- IP Instrument Preset 495
- LG Logarithmic Scale 498
- LN Linear Scale 500
- MBIAS Mixer Bias 501
- MEAS Measurement Status 505
- MINH Minimum Hold 506
- MKA Marker Amplitude 507
- MKBW Marker Bandwidth 508
- MKD Marker Delta 511
- Power Bandwidth 513
- Parameter 514
- MKF Marker Frequency 516
- MKFC Frequency Counter 518
- MKMIN Marker to Minimum 522
- MKN Marker Normal 523
- MKNOISE Marker Noise 525
- MKOFF Marker Off 527
- MKPK Peak Search 528
- MKPT Marker Threshold 530
- MKPX Peak Excursion 532
- MKSP Marker Delta to Span 536
- MKT Marker Time 538
- MKTRACK Signal Track 539
- ML Mixer Level 541
- MXMH Maximum Hold 543
- MXRMODE Mixer Mode 544
- NORMLIZE Normalize Trace Data 545
- OP Output Display Parameters 553
- PLOT Plot Display 554
- PLOTORG Display Origins 556
- PLOTSRC Plot Source 558
- PP Preselector Peak 560
- PRINT Print 561
- PSDAC Preselector DAC Number 563
- PSTATE Protect State 565
- RB Resolution Bandwidth 569
- RCLS Recall State 575
- RCLT Recall Trace 576
- RCLTHRU Recall Thru 577
- REV Revision Number 579
- RL Reference/Range Level 580
- Attenuation) 581
- SAVES Save State 589
- SAVET Save Trace 590
- SER Serial Number 591
- SIGID Signal Identification 592
- SNGLS Single Sweep 594
- SP Frequency Span 595
- SQUELCH Squelch 597
- SRCFINTK Fine Tracking Adjust 602
- SRCPOFS Source Power Offset 604
- SRCPSTP Source Power Step 606
- SRCPSWP Source Power Sweep 608
- SRCPWR Source Power 610
- SRCTKPK Source Tracking Peak 612
- SRQ Service Request 613
- SS Center Frequency Step-Size 614
- ST Sweep Time 616
- STB Status Byte Query 618
- STOREOPEN Store Open 620
- STORESHORT Store Short 622
- STORETHRU Store Thru 624
- SWPCPL Sweep Couple 626
- SWPOUT Sweep Output 628
- TDF Trace Data Format 630
- TH Threshold 632
- TITLE Title Entry 634
- Displays "This is a 635
- TM Trigger Mode 636
- TRIGPOL Trigger Polarity 641
- TS Take Sweep 642
- TWNDOW Trace Window 643
- VAVG Video Average 645
- VB Video Bandwidth 647
- Bandwidth Ratio 649
- VIEW View Trace 651
- VTL Video Trigger Level 652
- 654 Chapter7 654
- Options and Accessories 655
- 656 Chapter8 656
- Chapter 8 657 657
- 658 Chapter8 658
- Accessories Available 659
- 660 Chapter8 660
- Chapter 8 661 661
- 662 Chapter8 662
- Chapter 8 663 663
- 664 Chapter8 664
- If You Have a Problem 665
- Read the Warranty 666
- Spectrum Analyzer Problems 667
- Hardware Problems 668
- 670 Chapter9 670
- Replacing the Battery 671
- Power Requirements 672
- Checking the Fuse 673
- Power Cable 673
- 674 Chapter9 674
- Procedures 675
- GPIB Address Selection 676
- 678 Chapter9 678
- Chapter 9 679 679
- Original Packaging 680
- Other Packaging 682
- Serial Numbers 684
- Electrostatic Discharge 685
- Static-Safe Accessories 686
- Error Messages 688
- Eliminating Error Messages 689
- Realigning the LO and IF 689
- Error Code Listing 690
- Chapter 9 691 691
- 692 Chapter9 692
- Chapter 9 693 693
- 694 Chapter9 694
- Chapter 9 695 695
- 696 Chapter9 696
- Chapter 9 697 697
- 698 Chapter9 698
- Chapter 9 699 699
- 700 Chapter9 700
- Chapter 9 701 701
- 702 Chapter9 702
- Chapter 9 703 703
- 704 Chapter9 704
- Chapter 9 705 705
- 706 Chapter9 706
- Index 707 707
- 708 Index 708
- Index 709 709
- 710 Index 710
- Index 711 711
- 712 Index 712
- Index 713 713
- 714 Index 714
- Index 715 715
- 716 Index 716
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