Agilent Technologies 11970 Series Guia do Utilizador Página 207
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Chapter 6 6-15
Front-Panel Key Reference
BW/Avg
Average Type
Video Power
Average Type (Video) initiates a digital averaging routine that averages
on a point-by-point basis over a number of successive sweeps. The effect
is to minimize the impact of transients on the displayed signals and
noise. The number of sweeps (N) to average is the number that is set by
this function. This function automatically selects the
Sample detector,
but does not affect the sweep time, bandwidth, or other analog
characteristics of the analyzer. Annotation on the left side of the display
indicates the current number of sweeps averaged. The default number
of sweeps is 100. Increasing the number of sweeps will further averages
the trace. To turn off the averaging function, press
Average (Off). The
number of sweeps can only be entered using the numeric keypad.
In single sweep mode (Sweep, Sweep (Single)), N sweeps are taken. After
each sweep, the new value of each display point is averaged in with the
previously averaged data using the following formula:
Where:
In continuous sweep mode (
Sweep, Sweep (Cont)), the same sequence is
followed until M=N. At that point, the sweeps continue rather than
stopping. For each new sweep, the measured value of the current sweep
divided by N is added to (N-1)/N times the prior average, creating a
weighted rolling average.
If any measurement parameter, such as
Center Freq, Span, Ref Level, or
N, is changed while
Video Average is On, the video average counter is
reset to 0, i.e. M=0, and the trace average resets. If the analyzer is in
single sweep mode, a new set of sweeps is taken only after
Sweep
(Single) is pressed again.
When
Average Type (Video) is selected, VAvg appears on the left side of
the analyzer display if
Average is On.
When
Average Type (Power) is selected, power averaging is performed by
converting the trace data from dB to power units, and then averaging
the power trace data. When
Average Type (Power) is selected, PAvg
appears on the left side of the analyzer display if
Average is On. Power
averaging is slower than video averaging due to the additional
computations necessary.
A
avg
M1–
M
--------------
A
prior avg
1
M
-----
A
m
+=
A
avg
new average value=
A
prior avg
average from prior sweep=
A
m
measured value on current sweep=
M number of current sweep=
- User’s Guide 1
- Warranty 3
- LIMITATION OF WARRANTY 3
- EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES 4
- Contents 10
- 1 Preparing for Use 11
- Initial Inspection 12
- Power Requirements 14
- AC Power Cable 15
- 1-6 Chapter1 16
- Preparing for Use 16
- Preparation 17
- 2 Getting Started 20
- 2-2 Chapter2 21
- Getting Started 21
- Front-Panel Features 22
- Rear-Panel Features 27
- Agilent E4408B 28
- E4404B, E4405B and E4407B 29
- 2-12 Chapter2 31
- Display Annotation 32
- Table 2-3 Screen Annotation 33
- Key Overview 37
- Making a Measurement 39
- Measurement Summary 41
- Chapter 2 2-23 42
- Warm-up Time 43
- File Menu Functions 44
- 2-26 Chapter2 45
- Creating a directory 46
- Format a Floppy Disk 47
- Save a File 48
- Chapter 2 2-31 50
- Load a file 52
- Rename a File 54
- Copy a File 55
- Delete a File 56
- Printer Setup and Operation 57
- Testing Printer Operation 59
- Analyzer Battery Information 60
- 3 Functional Testing 61
- 3-2 Chapter3 62
- Functional Testing 62
- Test Descriptions 63
- Displayed Average Noise Level 64
- E4407B, E4408B 74
- Table 3-1 82
- Frequency Readout Accuracy 83
- Chapter 3 3-25 85
- Marker Count Accuracy 86
- Frequency Response 87
- Reference Level Accuracy 92
- Log Mode Procedure 94
- Linear Mode Procedure 95
- Table 3-6 Test Limits Table 99
- Scale Fidelity 100
- Procedure 101
- Test Limits 103
- Test Description 103
- Required Equipment 104
- Test Limits 106
- Option 1DN 109
- Troubleshooting 112
- 4-2 Chapter4 113
- Check the Basics 114
- Read the Warranty 115
- Service Options 115
- Chapter 4 4-5 116
- 4-6 Chapter4 117
- Service Tag 118
- Original Packaging 118
- Figure 4-1 119
- Other Packaging 120
- Error Messages 121
- Status Messages 122
- 4-14 Chapter4 125
- ESC to reset the 125
- Chapter 4 4-15 126
- Informational Messages 127
- Chapter 4 4-17 128
- 4-20 Chapter4 131
- Load Table key 131
- Error Queues 132
- Error Message Format 133
- Error Message Types 134
- 4-24 Chapter4 135
- No Error 136
- –499 to –400: 137
- Query Errors 137
- Chapter 4 4-27 138
- –499 to –400: Query Errors 138
- –399 to –300: 139
- Device-Specific Error Messages 139
- –299 to –200: 140
- Execution Error Messages 140
- –199 to –100: 141
- Command Errors 141
- Chapter 4 4-31 142
- –199 to –100: Command Errors 142
- 4-32 Chapter4 143
- Chapter 4 4-33 144
- 4-34 Chapter4 145
- 201 to 799: 146
- Device-Specific Errors 146
- Chapter 4 4-37 148
- 4-38 Chapter4 149
- DATA or MERGE 149
- Chapter 4 4-39 150
- 4-40 Chapter4 151
- 4-42 Chapter4 153
- 4-44 Chapter4 155
- Greater than 1000: 156
- 4-46 Chapter4 157
- 4-48 Chapter4 159
- Chapter 4 4-49 160
- 4-50 Chapter4 161
- Chapter 4 4-51 162
- 4-52 Chapter4 163
- Save Table key to save a 163
- 4-54 Chapter4 165
- 5 Menu Maps 166
- Chapter 5 5-3 168
- Menu Maps 168
- 5-4 Chapter5 169
- Chapter 5 5-5 170
- 5-6 Chapter5 171
- Chapter 5 5-7 172
- 5-8 Chapter5 173
- Chapter 5 5-9 174
- 5-10 Chapter5 175
- Chapter 5 5-11 176
- 5-12 Chapter5 177
- Chapter 5 5-13 178
- 5-14 Chapter5 179
- Chapter 5 5-15 180
- 5-16 Chapter5 181
- Chapter 5 5-17 182
- 5-18 Chapter5 183
- Chapter 5 5-19 184
- 5-20 Chapter5 185
- Chapter 5 5-21 186
- 5-22 Chapter5 187
- Chapter 5 5-23 188
- 5-24 Chapter5 189
- Chapter 5 5-25 190
- 5-26 Chapter5 191
- Chapter 5 5-27 192
- Front-Panel Key Reference 193
- AMPLITUDE Y Scale 200
- Auto Couple 205
- Det/Demod 209
- Chapter 6 6-25 217
- Freq Count 228
- FREQUENCY Channel 229
- Input/Output 232
- Marker → 241
- Meas Control 242
- Meas Setup 243
- Chapter 6 6-57 249
- MODE SETUP 250
- Next Window 251
- Peak Search 252
- Print Setup 262
- 6-72 Chapter6 264
- Measure key menu 264
- SPAN X Scale 270
- 6-82 Chapter6 274
- 6-88 Chapter6 280
- System (Local) 284
- Viewing Angle 296
- View/Trace 297
- 7 Options and Accessories 301
- Table 7-1 Option Table 302
- 7-4 Chapter7 304
- Options and Accessories 304
- How to Order Options 305
- 7-6 Chapter7 306
- Pre-amplifier (Option 1DS) 307
- 7-8 Chapter7 308
- Chapter 7 7-9 309
- FM Demodulation (Option BAA) 310
- Chapter 7 7-11 311
- 7-12 Chapter7 312
- Accessories 313
- Software 314
- AC Probe 314
- Chapter 7 7-15 315
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