Agilent Technologies 34411A Guia do Utilizador

Agilent TechnologiesAgilent 34410A/11A 6 ½ Digit Multimeter(includes the L4411A 1U DMM)User’s GuideUG_ED5.book Page 1 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28

10 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideThe Display at a Glance (34410A/11A)The following key refers to the primary front-panel display.For further informati

100 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialOther Primary Measurement Functions 112Frequency and Period Measurement Errors 112DC Current M

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 101Measurement Tutorial 4DC Measurement ConsiderationsThermal EMF ErrorsThermoelectric voltages are the most common sou

102 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialNoise RejectionRejecting Power–Line Noise VoltagesA desirable characteristic of integrating an

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 103Measurement Tutorial 4Noise Caused by Magnetic LoopsIf you are making measurements near magnetic fields, take cautio

104 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialResistance Measurement ConsiderationsThe multimeter offers two methods for measuring resistanc

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 105Measurement Tutorial 4Removing Test Lead Resistance ErrorsTo eliminate offset errors associated with the test lead r

106 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialTrue RMS AC MeasurementsTrue rms responding multimeters, like the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A, m

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 107Measurement Tutorial 4An ac–coupled true rms measurement is desirable when you are measuring small ac signals in the

108 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialOn the following page, the first figure shows the Fourier Integral of two very different pulse

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 109Measurement Tutorial 4UG_ED5.book Page 109 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 11In This Guide…1Quick StartIn this chapter you prepare the multimeter for use and become familiar with the most common

110 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialEstimating High–Frequency (Out–of–Band) ErrorA common way to describe signal waveshapes is to

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 111Measurement Tutorial 4The following table shows the typical error for various pulse waveforms as a function of input

112 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialOther Primary Measurement FunctionsFrequency and Period Measurement ErrorsThe multimeter uses

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 113Measurement Tutorial 4Capacitance MeasurementsThe multimeter implements capacitance measurements by applying a known

114 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialThe measurement cycle consists of two parts: a charge phase (shown in the graph) and a dischar

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 115Measurement Tutorial 4Temperature MeasurementsThe multimeter allows the measurement of temperature by measurement of

116 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialAuto Zero On/OffEnabling the auto zero feature (ON) provides greater accuracy; however, the ad

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 117Measurement Tutorial 4High-Speed MeasurementsMaking High–Speed AC MeasurementsThe multimeter's ac voltage and a

118 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialFor ac voltage, additional settling time may be required when the dc level varies from sample

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 119Measurement Tutorial 4Other Sources of Measurement ErrorSettling Time EffectsThe multimeter has the ability to inser

12 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideUG_ED5.book Page 12 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM

120 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialMeasurements Below Full ScaleYou can make the most accurate ac measurements when the multimete

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 121Measurement Tutorial 4susceptible to noise pickup than a low–impedance source. You can reduce the high–frequency imp

122 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide4 Measurement TutorialCommon Mode ErrorsErrors are generated when the multimeter's input LO terminal is driven

123Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit MultimeterUser’s GuideAgilent Technologies5SpecificationsDC Characteristics 125AC Characteristics 128Frequency a

124 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsThese specifications apply when using the 34410A/11A/L4411A multimeter in an environment that is fre

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 125Specifications 5DC CharacteristicsAccuracy Specifications ±( % of reading + % of range ) [1][ 1 ] Specifications are

126 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsPerformance Versus Integration Time – 60Hz (50Hz) Power line frequency[ 1 ] Resolution is defined as

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 127Specifications 5DC VoltageMeasurement Method: Continuously integrating multi–slope IV A/D converter10 VDC Linearity

128 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsAC CharacteristicsAccuracy Specifications ±( % of reading + % of range ) [1][ 1 ] Specifications are

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 129Specifications 5Voltage Transfer Accuracy ( typical )Frequency Error 10 Hz to 300 kHz (24 hour % of range + % of re

13Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit MultimeterUser’s GuideAgilent Technologies1Quick StartThis chapter gives you a quick overview of the 34410A/11A m

130 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsFrequency and Period CharacteristicsAccuracy Specifications ±( % of reading ) [ 1, 3 ]Additional Err

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 131Specifications 5Frequency and PeriodMeasurement Type: Reciprocal–counting technique. AC–coupled input using the AC v

132 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsCapacitance CharacteristicsAccuracy Specifications ±( % of reading + % of range ) [1][ 1 ] Specifica

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 133Specifications 5Additional 34411A/L4411A SpecificationsResolution See table on page 126Overall Bandwidth, DCV and DC

134 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsMeasurement and System SpeedsDMM Measurements Speeds[1] Typical. Display off, ½ scale input signal,

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 135Specifications 5Direct I/O Measurements [1] (any remote interface)Sustained maximum reading rate to I/O, 32–bit BINA

136 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsData From MemoryMaximum reading rate out of memory (Sample count 50000, trigger count 1, "FETC?

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 137Specifications 5General Specifications (L4411A)Power supply: Universal 100V to 240V ±10%Power line frequency: 45 H

138 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsDimensionsAll dimensions are shown in millimeters212.3363.240.9UG_ED5.book Page 138 Thursday, Marc

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 139Specifications 5To Calculate Total Measurement ErrorThe multimeter's accuracy specifications are expressed in t

14 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide1Quick StartBasic Multimeter OperationsThis section introduces the basics of the 34410A/11A multimeter, and how to us

140 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsUnderstanding the " % of range " Error The range error compensates for inaccuracies that r

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 141Specifications 5Interpreting Accuracy SpecificationsTrans fe r A c cur ac yTransfer accuracy refers to the error in

142 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide5 SpecificationsConfiguring for Highest Accuracy MeasurementsThe measurement configurations shown below assume that

143Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s GuideAgilent TechnologiesAAppendix: Firmware and Driver UpdatesFirmware and (IVI-COM) driver u

144 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideA Appendix: Firmware and Driver UpdatesDownloading the Update Utility and Firmware Agilent 34410A/11A firmware updat

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 145Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates A1. From the directory where the update utility was installed, start the utili

146 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideA Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates3. Select the I/O interface to the instrument and then select ‘Next’. Enter t

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 147Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates ADownloading IVI-COM Driver UpdatesAn IVI-COM driver for the 34410A/11A is pro

148 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideA Appendix: Firmware and Driver UpdatesUG_ED5.book Page 148 Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:28 AM

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 5IndexNumerics1-Year Specifications, 14124-hour accuracy, 14134410A, 7firmware updates, 14434411A, 7firmware updates, 1

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 15Quick Start 1Using the Front Panel (34410A/11A)This section introduces the 34410A/11A multimeter front panel.Front-Pa

6 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideIndexFFactory Settings, 85firmware updatesdownloads, 144installation, 144update utility, 144Frequency Measurements, 21

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 7IndexPPeriod Measurements, 21Configuring, 46Configuring for Accuracy, 142Errors In, 112Specifications, 130Power Dissip

8 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideIndexWWaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive, 5Web Browser, 98Web Password, 91, 95UG_ED5.book Page 8 Th

16 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide1Quick StartFront-Panel Display Shortcuts Direct front panel shortcuts are provided for three commonly used display f

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 17Quick Start 1Making Basic Measurements (34410A/11A)This section introduces the many types of measurements that you ca

18 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide1Quick StartTo Measure DC VoltagePress to select the dc voltage function.• Ranges: 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V, 1000 V

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 19Quick Start 1To Measure DC CurrentPress to select the dc current function.• Ranges: 100 mA, 1 mA, 10 mA, 100 mA, 1

2 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideNotices© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2005-2012No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (inc

20 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide1Quick StartTo Make a 2-Wire Resistance MeasurementPress to select the 2-wire resistance function.• Ranges: 100Ω, 1

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 21Quick Start 1To Measure Frequency Press to select the frequency function.• Measurement band: 3 Hz to 300 kHz • Inpu

22 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide1Quick StartTo M ea s u re C apacita ncePress to select the capacitance function.• Ranges: 1 nF, 10 nF, 100 nF, 1 m

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 23Quick Start 1To Make a 2-Wire Temperature MeasurementPress to select the temperature function. Then press and sel

24 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide1Quick StartTo Test C ontinu ityPress to select the continuity function. • Test current source: 1 mA• Beeper Thres

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 25Quick Start 1Other Basics of OperationThis section covers basic troubleshooting and general use.If the Multimeter Doe

26 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide1Quick StartTo Replace the Power-Line Fuse (34410A/11A)Remove power cord first. Then follow these steps:Verify that t

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 27Quick Start 1To Adjust the Carrying HandleTo adjust the position, grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward. The

28 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide1Quick StartTo Rack Mount the Multimeter (34410A/11A)You can mount the 34410A/11A in a standard 19–inch rack cabinet

34410A/11A User’s Guide 29Contents 1Quick Start13Basic Multimeter Operations 14Preparing the Multimeter for Use 14Using the Front Panel (34410A/11A) 1

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 3Safety InformationDo not defeat power cord safety ground fea-ture. Plug in to a grounded (earthed) outlet. Do not use

30 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideContents2 Features and Functions 35SCPI Commands 37Front Panel Features (34410A/11A) 38Front Panel Display 38Displaye

Contents34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 31Auto Zero 56Ranging 57Null Measurements 59Miscellaneous Configuration Settings 60Radix Character (34410A/11A)

32 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideContents3 Remote Interface Configuration 87Configuring the GPIB Interface 89Configuring the USB Interface 90Configuri

Contents34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 33True RMS AC Measurements 106True RMS Accuracy and High–Frequency Signal Content 107Estimating High–Frequenc

34 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideContents5 Specifications 123DC Characteristics 125AC Characteristics 128Frequency and Period Characteristics 130Capac

35Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s GuideAgilent Technologies2Features and FunctionsSCPI Commands 37Front Panel Features (34410A/11

36 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsAC Measurements 54AC Filter 54Gate Time 55Auto Zero 56Ranging 57Null Measurements 59Miscellane

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 37Features and Functions 2SCPI CommandsThe Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A complies with the syntax rules and conventions of

38 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsFront Panel Features (34410A/11A)Front Panel DisplayThe Agilent 34410A/11A provides a two–line

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 39Features and Functions 2• If the multimeter is in the remote interface mode (Remote annunciator is lit), pressing (

4 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideProtection LimitsThe Agilent 34410A/11A and L4411A Digital Multimeters provide protection circuitry to prevent damage

40 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsAnnunciatorsThere are several annunciators, mostly in a line at the top of the display. Each a

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 41Features and Functions 2Second Display OptionsMany measurement functions allow a secondary measurement to be displaye

42 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsFront–Panel Display Shortcuts Direct front–panel shortcuts are provided for three commonly use

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 43Features and Functions 2• If the multimeter is configured to take the measurement using an aperture integration time,

44 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsFront Panel Measurement Configuration MenusEach measurement function is configured separately,

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 45Features and Functions 2Configuring AC Voltage and Current MeasurementsFor ac voltage and ac current measurements, yo

46 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsConfiguring Frequency and Period MeasurementsFor frequency and period measurements, your menu

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 47Features and Functions 2• NULL: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the null measurement feature, which measur

48 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsAdvanced Configuration OptionsMultimeter State StorageThe present multimeter state, including

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 49Features and Functions 2• Remote Interface Operation: Refer to the MEMory command subsystem in the Agilent 34410A/11A

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 5Additional NoticesWaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/ECThis product complies with the

50 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and Functions• Remote Interface Operation: The Front/Rear switch is manually switchable only, and cannot be

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 51Features and Functions 2DC Measurements Integration Time and ResolutionFor dc voltage, dc current, resistance, and te

52 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and Functions• Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the integration time in NPLC:[SENSe:]

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 53Features and Functions 2The following command (similar queries for current, resistance and temperature) returns wheth

54 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsAC MeasurementsAC FilterApplies to ac voltage, ac current, frequency, and period measurements

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 55Features and Functions 2Gate Time Applies to frequency and period measurements only.The multimeter provides four choi

56 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsAuto ZeroAuto zero is selectable for dc voltage, dc current, 2–wire resistance, and 2-wire tem

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 57Features and Functions 2RangingApplies to all measurements except continuity and diode test, which use a fixed range.

58 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and Functions• Remote Interface Operation: Autoranging may be enabled or disabled for the specified functio

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 59Features and Functions 2The first four readings are taken on the 1 Vdc range, but the autoranging feature switches to

6 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideDECLARATION OF CONFORMITYAccording to EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2004Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Technologies, IncorporatedMa

60 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsThe following command queries the null measurement feature setting:SENSe:<function>:NULL

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 61Features and Functions 2Beeper (34410A/11A)Normally, the multimeter emits a tone from the front panel whenever certai

62 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsMath FunctionsIn addition to providing a separate null–per–function measurement capability, th

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 63Features and Functions 2dB MeasurementsApplies to ac voltage and dc voltage measurements only.Each dB measurement is

64 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsdBm MeasurementsApplies to ac voltage and dc voltage measurements only.The dBm function is log

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 65Features and Functions 2Using StatisticsApplies to all measurement functions except continuity and diode test.From th

66 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsLimit TestingApplies to all measurement functions except continuity and diode test.The limit t

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 67Features and Functions 2Triggering the MultimeterThe 34410A/11A/L4411A triggering system allows you to generate trigg

68 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsAuto Triggering (34410A/11A)This mode is available from the front panel only.The power–on trig

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 69Features and Functions 2Reading Hold (34410A/11A)This mode is available from the front panel only.The reading hold mo

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 7Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A at a GlanceThe Agilent 34410A, 34411A, and L4411A multimeters provide 6½-digit, high-perform

70 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsSoftware (Bus) TriggeringThis mode is available from the remote interface only.The bus trigger

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 71Features and Functions 2Number of Samples per TriggerBy default, when the multimeter is in the wait–for–trigger state

72 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and Functions• Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the sample count (must be >1) and

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 73Features and Functions 2If the multimeter is configured to take more than one sample per trigger, the effect of the t

74 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and Functions2–wire Resistance Measurements:4–wire Resistance MeasurementsCapacitanceAC Voltage Measurement

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 75Features and Functions 2External TriggeringExternal triggering takes one reading (or the specified number of readings

76 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and Functions• Front Panel Operation: The external trigger mode corresponds in function to pressing the k

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 77Features and Functions 2Trigger SlopeYou may select whether the multimeter uses the rising edge (POS) or falling edge

78 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsData LoggingThe Data Logger feature (34410A/11A only) provides a front–panel user interface th

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 79Features and Functions 2• After the specified delay, the main display will show the data as it is collected, while th

8 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s GuideThe Front Panel at a Glance (34410A/11A)WARNINGFront/Rear Switch: Do not change the position of the Front/Rear switch

80 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and Functions• Web Interface Operation: To access the data in the multimeter’s non–volatile memory, launch

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 81Features and Functions 2Now click on View Data. In the dialog, select Non–volatile Memory Readings and then click on

82 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsSystem-Related OperationsThe utility menu accesses the following system–related operations: se

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 83Features and Functions 2Error ConditionsWhen the front panel ERROR annunciator turns on (34410A/11A), one or more com

84 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and FunctionsReading the Error QueueYou can read the error queue either from the front panel, or from the r

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 85Features and Functions 2Power-On and Reset StateThe tables that follow show the factory defaults for various instrume

86 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide2Features and Functions● Thousands Separator (34410A/11A) ● OnDisplay State (34410A/11A) OnReading Memory ClearedErro

87Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s GuideAgilent Technologies3 Remote Interface ConfigurationConfiguring the GPIB Interface 89Confi

88 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide3 Remote Interface ConfigurationThis chapter tells how to configure the Agilent 34410A/11A for remote interface commu

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 89Remote Interface Configuration 3Configuring the GPIB InterfaceEach device on the GPIB (IEEE–488) interface must have

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 9The Rear Panel at a Glance (34410A/11A)WARNINGFor protection from electrical shock, the power cord ground must not be

90 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide3 Remote Interface ConfigurationConfiguring the USB InterfaceFor the USB interface, no configuration parameters are r

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 91Remote Interface Configuration 3Configuring the LAN InterfaceBy default, LAN connectivity with DHCP (Dynamic Host Con

92 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide3 Remote Interface ConfigurationConfiguring LAN ParametersDHCP DHCP is a protocol for automatically assigning a dynam

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 93Remote Interface Configuration 3IP Address An Internet Protocol (IP) Address is required for all IP and TCP/IP commun

94 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide3 Remote Interface ConfigurationDefault GatewayA Default Gateway address allows the multimeter to communicate with sy

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 95Remote Interface Configuration 3DNS ServerThe Domain Name Service (DNS) is an Internet service that translates Domain

96 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide3 Remote Interface ConfigurationSetting up a LAN connection from the Front PanelPress UTILITY MENU > REMOTE I/O &

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 97Remote Interface Configuration 3Setting up a LAN connection from the Remote InterfaceUse the following SCPI commands

98 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide3 Remote Interface ConfigurationAgilent 34410A/11A Web Interface The 34410A/11A provides a built–in Web Interface. Yo

99Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s GuideAgilent Technologies4Measurement TutorialThe Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A multimeter is capab